The doctoral space is intricate, complex and convoluted. It is torn between individual and institutional commitments, local and international relationships, standards and standardization. This paper does not atomise or discuss individual doctoral supervision, but instead explores how institutions around the world train supervisors, and also create expectations for student and supervisory relationships. The key is to move beyond experiential ideologies and individual relationships, to understand the supervisory relationship in the broader institutional context and the international environment for research.

The article discusses the importance of learner autonomy in language classes and proposes some activities contributing to develop more autonomous learning skills in students. The concept is analyzed from various aspects, particularly from responsibility perspective noting the development of learner autonomy as a promoter of more responsibility from students’ side. However, it also draws attention on teachers’ role as a facilitator, declaring that learner autonomy has never meant decline in teachers’ responsibility or withdrawal, but the change in the nature of involvement in classroom activities and assignments. The study asked the opinions of language instructors at a university in Azerbaijan collecting quantitative data and drawing conclusions based on literature review and views of the survey participants.

Child labour is one of the socioeconomic violence against children and violation of Child Right Act that hampers sustainable child development in most of the Nigerian popular cities including Lagos metropolis. Children involve in street hawking, domestic servant, trading, street begging to mention but few have become common endemic features of economic means of survival for many Nigerian children. Reason for this largely depends on factors like urbanization, high rate of illiteracy, high level of unemployment, adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs), excruciating poverty, communal clashes, insecurity, rural-urban migration, passive social welfare policy and other attendants’ socio-economic crisis of contradiction of underdevelopment confronting the Nigeria state. This paper surmises with empirical evidence that child labour impacts negatively on child development and breaches the United Nations charter on child’s rights. To extrapolate the issue critically, this paper anchored on social interaction theory of the family to explain the correlation between parental educational status and child labour in Lagos Metropolis which has not been sufficiently documented in extant Nigeria literature. In a cross-sectional survey that involved a four-stage sampling technique, 400 respondents, aged 7-17, took part in the survey. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tools were used to analyze both the univariate and bivariate variables. Findings show a significant relationship between parental educational status and child labour; employment status and child labor. It concluded that free education policy in Lagos State has not exonerated children from the economic violence of child labour while the literacy level of the parent can largely influence the involvement of children in child labour in Lagos state. The study, however, recommended among other measures affordable compulsory adult education for illiterate parent and employment opportunities for unemployed adult parents in order to protect and safeguard Nigerian children from the detrimental implications of child labour on child sustainable development.

The purpose of a school is to produce students who are achievers. However, low pass rate, especially in English Language, is affecting Zimbabwe’s education system and the Ministry of Education is trying to implement new strategies that are earmarked at improving it. One of the strategies is the Performance Lag Address Programme (PLAP) that was introduced in Zimbabwe in 2012. The study sought to assess secondary school English teachers’ preparedness in the implementation of PLAP in Gweru urban, Zimbabwe using a descriptive survey design. The researcher drafted questionnaires for teachers, distributed them to a convenient sample of 34 English teachers in Gweru urban secondary schools and finally collected them. Data was analyzed by SPSS, specifically in the form of frequencies and descriptive statistics for research questions number 1 to 6. Inferential statistics, that is, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r was uses to test the null hypotheses. Findings showed that most of the English teachers in Gweru are mature, well experienced, well balanced in terms of gender distribution and are highly qualified. However, they could not fully execute PLAP because very few of them were prepared and trained as well as skilled to implement it in the classroom. Nothing much has been put in place for the programme implementation in terms of resources; teachers’ workloads are too high, there are no relevant textbooks and the schools rarely meet PLAP financial needs. The respondents’ attitude toward PLAP was generally negative although they agreed that low performing students benefit from the programme. The respondents never liked the way PLAP is implemented in their Zimbabwe in general and in their school in particular, thus it is rarely implemented in Gweru, mean 2.56. This is so because the bases for programme have not been properly laid. Teachers are not motivated to carry out PLAP for they do not get monetary incentives, neither are they exempted from other duties. They also doubted if programme implementation improves them professionally. The study concluded that the way PLAP is implemented in Zimbabwe needs an overhaul so that its goals can be realized.

Quality is considered as an instrument to achieve excellence in all areas more specifically in education. Academic excellence has been a central value in higher education. Accreditation is raised to develop and enhance the quality of education in academic world. Nowadays there are many accreditation bodies in all around the world. AACSB, EFMD and AMBA are highly integrated accreditation agencies specialized for business schools. General presumptions regarding the standards and quality of those institutions are to facilitate continuous quality improvement in education by assessing any business school or management program. Main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between quality of education and accreditation by exploring the effect and benefits of accreditations in higher education institutions. This research found out that accreditation agencies are encouraging business schools to make themselves accountable for improving and enhancing the quality of education by impactful and intellectual contribution and scholarly education. In order to achieve that accreditation bodies have to set specific standards and criteria, self-evaluation, peer review and consultation services that determine business schools to meet the standards. The paper also observed positive effects of accreditation on students, faculty members and public in general.

The growth of Islamic finance has been observed for the last decades. However Islamic finance is still 1 percent of the whole financial system. It has to overcome some challenges as it grows since it is not growing only in Muslim countries; some questions rise around Islamic finance. Given that the market of Islamic finance is new and fast-growing it is important to understand the differences between conventional and Islamic finance. Are they complements? Are they competing forms of contracts? Will they shape the future (conventional) industry of finance and how? These questions require an integrated understanding of Islamic finance and in particular its relation to conventional products. This paper studies challenges that Islamic finance has to overcome.

This article reviews dyslexic primary school children who have got reading and writing disabilities from early years of school. Therefore, this project concerns related researches which were done about early diagnosis and their possible treatments and precautions might be taken in the acquisition of word-identification (decoding) skills in children who are at risk of dyslexia. In light of those data, a class of primary children was monitored from 1st grade to 3rd grade. Some of them were identified as at risk for reading disabilities based on teacher’s observation and assessment of the test results. Those children were taught literacy systematically according to the correct letter sounds. Children’s phonological processing skills were considered while teaching and observing the grapheme, phoneme joining stage (very early stage of the literacy gaining). As this deficiency is a process and may continue into the adulthood; teachers, educational facilities and parents should be conscious of it and take vital measures. 3rd grade poor readers’ literacy progress was observed by assigning to read irregular word list, some paragraphs in their levels and phonics progression words which were prepared by the teacher. All procedures were recorded and revised again to make sure whether results were correct.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of service quality and price to corporate, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of mobile telecommunications services in the city of Sulaymaniyah. The aim of this study is to determine and analyse the perception of the people about the GSM operators. Research conducted on peoples living in the city by setting a sample of 515 respondents. Data were analysed using covariance and correlation analysis and also regression analysis. The results show us that the loyalty of a customer to a GSM operator significantly depends on the trust, corporate image, and satisfaction of the customers.